HSG toán 9 Quảng Nam năm 2018-2019

Giải: Từ đẳng thức đã cho suy ra: \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\). Áp dụng (a+b)² >= 4ab ta có:

\(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}\right)\cdot\frac{3y}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)

Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\\\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\left("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\right)\)

Ta có \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\cdot1}\le\frac{\left(2x-1\right)+1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)

Tương tự \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}},\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)Do đó:

\(A\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1

Vậy GTLN của A=3 đạt được khi x=y=z=1

ĐKXĐ : \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng ( a+b)² \(\ge4ab\)ta có : 

( x+ 2y)² = \(\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4.\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}\right).\frac{3y}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)

Tương tự : \(\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

                        \(\frac{2z+x}{z.\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)

=> \(A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)

Ta có : \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)1}\le\frac{2x-1+1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le x\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)

        \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}\)

           \(\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)

Do đó 

A \(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)

Vậy Max A = 3 khi x = y = z = 1

Theo Cô-si ta có:

\(3=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\ge\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le3\)

Xét:

\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy\left(x+2y\right)}+\frac{\left(y-z\right)^2}{yz\left(y+2z\right)}+\frac{\left(z-x\right)^2}{zx\left(z+2x\right)}\right]\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le3\)

\(ĐKXĐ:x,y,z\ge1\left(x,y,z\inℤ\right)\)

Ta có: \(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4.\frac{2x+y}{2}.\frac{3y}{2}=3y\left(2x+y\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\);\(\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{3}.3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)(*)

Ta có: \(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right).1}\le\frac{2x-1+1}{2}=x\)(BĐT Cô - si)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}\);\(\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)(**)

Từ (*) và (**) suy ra \(A=\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}+\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}+\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le3\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1

Từ đẳng thức đã cho suy ra \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)ta có \(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\frac{2x+y}{2}\cdot\frac{3y}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y)

=> \(\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)

Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\\\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\end{cases}}\)

=> \(A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z)

Ta có \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\cdot1}\le\frac{\left(2x-1\right)+1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le x\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)

Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}\\\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\end{cases}}\)

Do đó \(A\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)(dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1)

Vậy Max_A=3 đạt được khi x=y=z=1

\(ĐK:x,y,z>\frac{1}{2}\)

Ta có: \(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{3y}{2}+\frac{y+2x}{2}\right)^2\ge4.\frac{3y}{2}.\frac{y+2x}{2}=3y\left(2x+y\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{x+2y}{3xy}=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\); \(\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)

Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(VT\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1

Từ giả thiết \(\Rightarrow x,y,z>\frac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) taoi có: 

\(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}\right)\frac{3y}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> x=y

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right),\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=>x=y=z

Lại có: \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)1}\le\frac{\left(2x-1\right)+1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)}\le x\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}},\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1

Vậy GTLN của A=3 khi x=y=z=1

Vì xyz=1\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(y+z\right)\ge2x^2\sqrt{yz}=2x\sqrt{x}\)

Tương tự \(y^2\left(z+x\right)\ge2y\sqrt{y};z^2=\left(x+y\right)\ge2z\sqrt{z}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}+\frac{2y\sqrt{y}}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{z}}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)

Đặt \(x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}=a;y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}=b;z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}=c\)

\(\Rightarrow x\sqrt{x}=\frac{4c+a-2b}{9};y\sqrt{y}=\frac{4a+b-2c}{9};z\sqrt{z}=\frac{4b+c-2a}{9}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{4c+a-2b}{b}+\frac{4a+b-2c}{a}+\frac{4b+c-2a}{b}\right)\)

\(=\frac{2}{9}\text{ }\left[4\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-6\right]\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(4.3+2-6\right)=2\)

Min P =2 khi và chỉ khi a=b=c khi va chỉ khi x=y=z=1

TA CÓ:

\(B=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\ge\frac{1}{\frac{x+y+2z}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{y+z+2x}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{z+x+2y}{2}}\)

\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{18}{3\sqrt{3}}=\frac{6}{\sqrt{3}}\)

DẤU BẰNG XẢY RA:\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\frac{B}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3x\left(y+2z\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3y\left(z+2x\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3z\left(x+2y\right)}}\) 

\(\ge\frac{1}{\frac{3x+y+2z}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{3y+z+2x}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{3z+x+2y}{2}}\ge\frac{2\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{6\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{18}{6\sqrt{3}}\) 

\(\Rightarrow B\ge\frac{18\sqrt{3}}{6\sqrt{3}}=3\) 

Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)